1. Choose by Vehicle Type

• Electric Bicycles: 12Ah/20Ah (DZF Series)

• Electric Motorcycles: 32Ah/38Ah (EVF Series)

• Cargo Tricycles: 45Ah and above (EVF Series)

2. Choose by Battery Compartment Size

• Small Compartment: 12V12Ah/20Ah (Dimensions: approx. 181×77×169mm)

• Medium Compartment: 12V32Ah (Dimensions: approx. 260×170×200mm)

• Large Compartment: 12V45Ah and above (Dimensions: approx. 330×176×165mm)

3. Choose by Budget

• High Budget: Tianneng T9 / Chaowei True Black Gold Series – 18+ months warranty

• Medium Budget: Tianneng E5 / Chaowei Superconducting Series – 12 months warranty

• Economy Budget: Nuoli / Huangsheng and other brands – 6-8 months warranty

Detailed Guide on Enabling and Disabling Speed Limiter for Electric Vehicles

I. Basic Principle of Electric Vehicle Speed Limiter

• Controller-based limitation: The most common type, setting the maximum motor power via programming.
• Speed limit wire control: Restricting speed through specific wire harness connections.
• Voltage limitation: Limiting the output voltage of the battery.

• Sensor monitoring: Detecting speed and cutting off power when exceeding the limit.

II. Detailed Methods to Disable Speed Limiter

1️⃣ Throttle + Brake Combination Method (Suitable for Most Electric Bicycles)

• Squeeze the brake and twist the throttle to the maximum.
• Turn on the electric door lock (keep the brake and throttle in position).
• Release the throttle, then twist it to the maximum again, repeating 3 times (maintain braking throughout).
• After twisting the throttle to the maximum for the third time, wait 3-5 seconds.
• Release the brake and throttle; the speed limiter is disabled.

• Squeeze brake + twist throttle to maximum → Turn on electric door lock → Maintain for 15-20 seconds → Release brake and throttle.

2️⃣ Button Combination Method (Suitable for Models with Remote Control or Multifunctional Buttons)

• Turn on the electric door lock.
• Long-press the unlock button (cruise button for some models) until a "beep-beep" sound is heard; the speed limiter is disabled.
• To restore the speed limiter, long-press the lock button until a "beep-beep" sound is heard; the speed limiter is enabled.

3️⃣ Wire Harness Operation Method (Suitable for Electric Tricycles and Some Electric Bicycles)

• Turn off the power and prop up the vehicle.
• Locate the controller (usually under the seat).
• Identify the speed limit wire (typically two white or same-color connected wires).
• Unplug or cut the connecting plug, and insulate the wire ends with electrical tape.
• Reconnect the wires to restore the speed limiter.

III. Comparison of Speed Limiter Disabling Methods by Vehicle Type

IV. Safety and Legality Reminders

1. Legality Issues:
   • The New National Standard (GB17761-2018) clearly stipulates that the maximum speed of electric bicycles shall not exceed 25km/h, and they "shall not have detachable or modifiable speed-limiting devices".
   • Disabling the speed limiter violates the Road Traffic Safety Law and constitutes illegal modification. It may lead to:
     • Failure to register or inspect the vehicle.
     • Insurance claim denial.
     • Increased liability in traffic accidents.
2. Safety Risks:
   • The braking system is matched to the speed limit; speeding will extend the braking distance.
   • The frame structure, battery, and motor are designed based on the speed-limited state. Modification may cause component damage or safety accidents.
   • New national standard models are equipped with "overspeed power cutoff" protection, which may fail after modification.

V. Practical Suggestions

1. Prioritize Non-Destructive Methods:
   • Try Method 1 or Method 2 first; these operations are reversible and do not damage the vehicle.
   • Test the speed after success to ensure it does not exceed the safe range.
2. If Using the Wire Harness Method:
   • Take photos to record the wire harness position before operation.
   • Properly insulate the cut wire ends with electrical tape to prevent short circuits.
   • Keep the speed limit wire for future restoration.
3. Seek Professional Help:
   • Consult an authorized brand maintenance point if unsure.
   • Some brands offer official speed-up services (e.g., certain electric motorcycles).

Summary

1. Throttle + Brake Combination Operation (Method 1)
2. Button Combination Method (Method 2)
3. Wire Harness Operation Method (Method 3, only for tricycles and some old models)

Detailed Explanation of Battery Full Charging Time

Theoretical Calculation Formula

• Efficiency factor: 1.1~1.2 is used to compensate for energy loss during charging.
• Practical application: For a 48V12Ah lead-acid battery (common output current 2A), charging time ≈ 12 ÷ 2 × 1.2 ≈ 7.2 hours.

Charging Time Comparison by Battery Type

Key Factors Affecting Charging Time

1. Battery Capacity and Charging Current

• Larger capacity leads to longer charging time (a 48V20Ah battery takes about 2 hours more than a 48V12Ah one).
• Higher current results in shorter charging time (ordinary chargers with 3-5A take 6-8 hours, while fast chargers with 5-8A only take 3-5 hours).

2. Differences Between Battery Types

• Lead-acid battery: Slow chemical reaction and low charging efficiency, usually requiring 6-10 hours.
• Lithium-ion battery: High energy density (150-250 Wh/kg, compared to only 30-50 Wh/kg for lead-acid), fast charging speed, supporting 2-3 hour fast charging.

3. Remaining Battery Level

• From 0% to 100%: About 8-10 hours for lead-acid batteries, 3-5 hours for lithium-ion batteries.
• From 30% to 100%: Approximately 60-70% of the full charging time (e.g., about 4-5 hours for lead-acid batteries).

4. Impact of Ambient Temperature

• Summer (25℃+): Charging time shortens, 6-8 hours for lead-acid batteries and 2-3 hours for lithium-ion batteries.
• Winter (below 0℃): Charging time extends, 8-10 hours for lead-acid batteries and 4-6 hours for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Principle: Low temperature reduces battery activity, and the charging efficiency of lead-acid batteries drops to 60-70% of normal temperature at 0℃.

5. Charging Phase Characteristics

• Constant current phase (0-80%): Fast charging with stable current.

• Constant voltage/trickle phase (80-100%): Charging slows down to protect the battery, taking about 1-2 hours.

Practical Charging Time Reference Table

Charging Recommendations

1. Lead-acid Battery

• Float charge for 1 hour (summer) to 2 hours (winter) after full charge, with a total time not exceeding 10 hours.
• Avoid over-discharging; it is recommended to start charging when the remaining power is about 30%, and charge for 6-8 hours.

2. Lithium-ion Battery

• Unplug immediately after full charge, or float charge for only 30-40 minutes, with a total time not exceeding 6-8 hours.

• Avoid overcharging and over-discharging, which helps extend battery life (up to 1800 cycles, about 8 years).

Summary

What to Do If an Electric Vehicle Gets Waterlogged?

1. Forcibly using the vehicle may burn out the motor controller or the motor, so the user can leave the electric vehicle parked for a few days.

   
   

2. If the waterlogging of the electric vehicle is not severe, you can leave it parked for a few days and expose it to the sun to dry, or disassemble the motor and dry it thoroughly with a hair dryer. Note: Forcibly using the vehicle in this state may still burn out the motor controller or the motor.

3. If the electric vehicle is severely waterlogged or has been soaked in water for a long time, it is recommended to take it to a professional repair shop for inspection and maintenance after it has dried completely before using it again.

How to Inflate a Flat Tubeless Tire on an Electric bike  

1. **Use Motor Inertia**: Prop up the electric Bike with its main stand. Turn on the ignition key, twist the throttle to the maximum to make the motor run at high speed. Once the speed builds up, squeeze the brake suddenly. Repeat this process several times. Now try inflating the tire again—this may make it easier to inflate.  

2. **Seal the Gaps**: Take a few plastic bags and seal all the gaps between the tire edge and the wheel hub to prevent air from leaking out of these gaps during inflation. Then use an air pump to inflate the tire; it will inflate quickly. After the tire is inflated, remove the plastic bags and add a little more air to top it up.  

3. **Elevate the Tire and Tap It**: Prop up the vehicle so that the front tire is suspended. Once suspended, use a hammer or a board to tap the tire, reducing the gap between the tire and the wheel rim. Then proceed to inflate the tire.  

4. **Remove the Valve Core**: If none of the above methods work, the gap between the tire and the wheel hub may be too large, or there may be other issues. In this case, you can remove the valve core, then use an air pump to inflate the tire— the tire will slowly inflate. After it inflates, stop, reinstall the valve core, and then add more air to the tire to reach the proper pressure.  

5. **Use Lubricant**: You can spray a small amount of lubricant on both sides of the tire. Then try inflating it again; this may make inflation easier.   It should be noted that if a tubeless tire is flat for a long time, it may cause the tire and wheel hub to stick together or result in other damages. Before inflating, it is best to check the condition of the tire and wheel hub first to ensure safety.

  The number of charge-discharge cycles of lithium-ion batteries can generally reach about 500-1000 times; some high-quality lithium-ion batteries can even achieve 1000-1200 charge-discharge cycles, with a service life typically ranging from 3 to 5 years. Currently, mainstream electric vehicles adopt lithium-ion batteries (such as ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries). Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, they have higher energy density (200-300 Wh/kg), longer lifespan (1000-2000 charge-discharge cycles), and lighter weight (only 1/3 of that of lead-acid batteries).

  The number of charge-discharge cycles of lead-acid batteries is usually around 300-500 times. Specifically, low-grade lead-acid batteries have about 300-400 charge-discharge cycles and a service life of approximately 1.5 years; mid-grade graphene lead-acid batteries have around 500-600 charge-discharge cycles and a service life of 2-3 years; high-grade lead-acid batteries have about 1000 charge-discharge cycles, and it is feasible for them to be used for 3-4 years.

• Usage Environment: Lithium-ion batteries have more stable performance and are less affected by temperature. They can work normally within a relatively wide temperature range, and their charge-discharge efficiency and lifespan remain relatively stable in both high and low temperature environments.Lead-acid batteries, however, are prone to electrolyte evaporation and loss in high-temperature environments, which shortens their lifespan. In low-temperature environments, the rate of chemical reactions in lead-acid batteries slows down, resulting in reduced charge-discharge efficiency and a significant decrease in driving range. Long-term use in low-temperature environments will accelerate the aging of lead-acid batteries.
• Usage Habits: To maintain optimal performance, lithium-ion batteries need to be recharged after the power is exhausted. When not in use for a long time, they should be fully charged every two months.For lead-acid batteries, over-discharging and over-charging should be avoided. It is advisable to start charging when the remaining power is about 20%-30%, and the charging time should not exceed 8 hours.

The charging time of an electric bicycle depends on several factors, including battery capacity, charger power, battery type (lead-acid/lithium-ion), and remaining battery level. The theoretical analysis is as follows:

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