1. Avoid Full Charge/DischargeStick to 20-80% battery level for daily use. Only fully charge right before long rides (deep cycles wear batteries out faster).
2. Prioritize Eco Mode: Use low-power assist for flat roads; reserve high modes for hills or headwinds. Less assist = more miles.

3. Keep Tires Inflated: Hit the manufacturer’s recommended PSI (30-50). Soft tires create extra resistance, forcing the battery to work harder.

4. Ditch Extra Weight: Leave unused bags, tools, or gear at home. Less load means less battery drain.

5. Skip Extreme Temps: Don’t ride or store your e-bike in heat over 35°C (95°F) or cold below 0°C (32°F)—batteries degrade rapidly in extremes.

6. Coast When You Can: Let momentum carry you on flats or downhill instead of keeping assist on—save power for when you need it.

7. Smooth Starts & Stops: Avoid rapid acceleration or harsh braking. Gentle inputs conserve battery and feel better to ride.

8. Charge Smart: Unplug the battery once it’s fully charged (overcharging damages cells). Always use the original charger—cheaper alternatives risk harm.

9. Clean Battery Contacts: Wipe terminals with a dry cloth monthly to remove dust or corrosion. Good connections mean efficient power flow.

10. Plan Flat Routes: Whenever possible, choose paved, flat roads over steep hills or rough trails. Less effort for the bike = more range for you.

1. Visual & Clean: Wipe dust/dirt from the frame, battery, and display with a damp cloth—avoid water on electrical parts.

2. Tire Pressure: Check if tires are inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended PSI (usually 30-50)—soft tires waste battery and risk flats.

3. Brakes: Test front/rear brakes—they should feel firm and stop smoothly. Adjust brake levers if loose.

4. Battery Connection: Ensure the battery is securely locked and the power cord is not frayed.

5. Display & Lights: Turn on the bike to confirm the display works (battery level, speed) and lights function.

1. Chain Care: Wipe dirt from the chain, then apply a small amount of e-bike-specific lubricant (avoid over-oiling).

2. Screw Tightening: Check and tighten loose screws on handlebars, seatpost, and fenders—vibrations can loosen them.

3. Battery Health: Charge the battery to 50-80% if not using for long (avoid full charge/discharge storage). Clean battery contacts with a dry cloth.

4. Brake Pad Check: Inspect brake pads—replace if they’re worn down to 1mm or less.

5. Tire Wear: Look for cracks, bulges, or worn tread. Replace tires if damage is visible.

An urban e-bike isn’t just a short-distance transport option—it’s the ultimate mobility solution for modern e-bike commuters. Designed to solve every pain point of city travel, an electric bike for urban commuting blends efficiency, savings, and practicality, making it the smart choice for daily commutes, grocery runs, school runs, and casual urban rides. If you’re on the fence about investing in an electric bike, these core reasons will make your decision easy:

1. Urban E-Bike: Beat Congestion & Master Your Commute Time

As an e-bike commuter, you’ll skip crippling urban traffic jams by using dedicated bike lanes—30% faster than driving or ride-hailing during rush hours. No more waiting for delayed public transit or circling for parking spots: an urban e-bike delivers true door-to-door travel, so you control your schedule down to the minute. Its pedal assist technology conquers hills, headwinds, and long stretches effortlessly, meaning you arrive at work or home fresh, no sweat required.

2. Electric Bike for Commuting: Ultra-Low Cost, Long-Term Savings

• Daily use: A full charge for your urban e-bike costs just ¥0.5-1.5, powering 40-100km of travel—monthly electricity bills under ¥10 for regular commutes.
• No hidden fees: No insurance, fuel, parking, or toll charges; minimal maintenance (only basic tire and brake checks).

• Affordable entry: Entry-level electric bikes for urban commuting start at ¥1000+, with many cities offering subsidies to cut upfront costs—slashing your monthly transport spend by 50% or more vs. cars or ride-sharing.

3. E-Bike Commuting: Fitness Without Exhaustion

E-bike commuting redefines active urban travel for all fitness levels. Adjust your urban e-bike’s pedal assist level to match your mood: low assist for a light workout (burn 200-500 calories in a 30-minute ride) or high assist for effortless travel. It’s the perfect way to fit daily exercise into a busy schedule—no gym time needed. Outdoor e-bike commuting also relieves stress, boosts mental health, and keeps you away from the health risks of a sedentary office life.

4. Urban E-Bike: All-Scene Flexibility for Daily Urban Life

One urban e-bike covers every short-distance urban need: daily commuting, grocery runs, picking up kids, and weekend casual rides. Compact and maneuverable, it glides through narrow city streets and alleys, and can be fitted with a basket, child seat, or rear rack for extra practicality. Mid-to-high-end electric bikes offer an 80-150km range, perfect for suburban day trips too. No driver’s license is needed for standard urban e-bikes—it’s easy to master for riders of all ages.

5. Electric Bike: Eco-Friendly Urban Travel for a Greener City

An electric bike is a zero-emission transport choice, with just 1/30 the carbon footprint of a gasoline car—your daily e-bike commuting helps cut urban air pollution and reduce your environmental impact. Unlike cars, an urban e-bike takes up almost no space: store it on a balcony, in an office corner, or in a car trunk (foldable electric bike models). It’s the ideal green travel choice for urban dwellers and renters alike.

6. Urban E-Bike: Better Than Traditional Bikes & Shared Transport

Your Perfect Urban E-Bike Awaits

• Definition: The amount of electrical energy stored per unit weight/volume, directly affecting battery pack weight and maximum range.

• Practical Significance: The energy density of mainstream e-bike cells ranges from 150-200Wh/kg. Higher density means longer range for batteries of the same weight (e.g., high-quality 18650 ternary lithium cells reach 180Wh/kg, while inferior ones only hit 120Wh/kg).

• Pitfall to Avoid: Beware of false claims like "high capacity with low weight" — energy density has physical limits; excessive labels are mostly false.

• Definition: The number of charge-discharge cycles until the cell capacity degrades to 80% of its initial capacity, a core indicator of battery lifespan.

• Grading Standards:

• High-Quality Cells: ≥1200 cycles (3-5 years of normal use)

• Regular Cells: 800-1000 cycles (2-3 years of normal use)

• Inferior Cells: ≤500 cycles (capacity halved in about 1 year)

• Related Technology: Echoing the "lithium battery replacement of lead-acid batteries" in development history — lead-acid batteries only have a cycle life of around 300 cycles, so the high cycle life of lithium cells is their core advantage.

• Definition: The degree of variation in voltage, capacity, and internal resistance among all cells in the same battery pack (measured by CV% coefficient of variation in the industry).

• Importance: Poor cell consistency leads to the "barrel effect" — even one underperforming cell will drag down the entire battery pack’s range and lifespan, and may even cause overcharging, over-discharging, or fire risks.

• Qualification Standard: For high-quality battery packs, cell capacity deviation ≤2%, voltage deviation ≤0.02V, and internal resistance deviation ≤5mΩ.

• Core Tests: Puncture test, crush test, overcharge/over-discharge test (complying with safety standards such as UL 2849 and GB 31484).

• Material Differences:

• Ternary Lithium Cells: High energy density but weak thermal stability; inferior products are prone to fire under high temperature/short circuit (requiring a high-quality BMS protection board).

• Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells: Strong thermal stability (no fire when punctured) and longer cycle life, but slightly lower energy density (suitable for commuting scenarios prioritizing safety).

• Request cell supplier information from the merchant (e.g., "CATL ternary lithium cells" or "LG 21700 cells") and reject "no-brand cells".

• Verify the battery pack’s safety certifications (UL 2849, CE, CPSC, etc.). Complete certifications indicate the cells have passed compliant inspections.

• Actual Riding Test: Ride at daily speed with a full charge and record the real range (a deviation ≤10% from the claimed range indicates high quality).

• Long-Term Observation: If the range degrades by more than 30% after 6 months of use, the cells are likely Grade B/C.

• High-Quality Battery Pack: Tightly sealed shell without leakage traces, neat wiring, and equipped with a temperature sensor (ensuring charging safety).

• Inferior Battery Pack: Loose shell, rough interfaces, no brand logo or production batch number.

• Use a multimeter to measure the battery pack’s no-load voltage (after standing for 1 hour). If the voltage fluctuates by more than 0.1V in multiple measurements, the cell consistency is poor.

• Market Price: The cost of Grade A ternary lithium cells is about \(1.5-2/Wh. If a battery pack is far cheaper than this (e.g., a 10Ah 48V battery pack priced below \)700), it is likely Grade B/C or recycled cells.

1. "The larger the capacity, the better": Capacity false labeling without considering consistency and cycle life is meaningless — 10 Grade A 2000mAh cells are far more durable than 10 Grade C 3000mAh cells.

2. "Ternary lithium is definitely better than lithium iron phosphate": Ternary lithium is suitable for scenarios pursuing long range, while lithium iron phosphate is ideal for safety-focused and high-frequency charging scenarios (e.g., food delivery bikes). There is no absolute superiority; the key lies in cell quality.

3. "Fast charging does not damage cells": High-quality cells support 1C-2C fast charging, but inferior cells will accelerate degradation and even cause overheating under fast charging.

I. Famous Electric Bicycle Brands in China

II. Famous International Electric Bicycle Brands

1. European Brands

2. American Brands

3. Japanese Brands

III. Summary of Brand Characteristics

1. Advantages of Chinese Brands: High cost-performance ratio, extensive sales channels, intelligent functions tailored to domestic user habits. Suitable for the mass market and sinking markets.
2. Advantages of International Brands: Mature technology, strong design sense, and a focus on riding experience. Suitable for high-end markets and specific scenarios (such as urban commuting and mountain biking).

3. Development Trends: Both domestic and international brands are developing towards intelligence, long battery life, and lightweighting, while green environmental protection has become a common pursuit.

Other Articles

Advantages and Disadvantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Materials

Causes and Solutions for Electric Vehicle Motor Not Rotating

Precautions for the Use and Maintenance of Electric Vehicle Brake Systems

What Types of Motors Are There for Electric Bicycles?

The Core Impact of Temperature on Battery Capacity

Minimalist Guide to Electric Vehicle Battery Use in Winter

Comparison of Key Features of Major Battery Brands and Models

Commuter E-Bike Buying Guide: 5 Key Indicators Every Office Worker Must Know

1. Choose by Vehicle Type

• Electric Bicycles: 12Ah/20Ah (DZF Series)

• Electric Motorcycles: 32Ah/38Ah (EVF Series)

• Cargo Tricycles: 45Ah and above (EVF Series)

2. Choose by Battery Compartment Size

• Small Compartment: 12V12Ah/20Ah (Dimensions: approx. 181×77×169mm)

• Medium Compartment: 12V32Ah (Dimensions: approx. 260×170×200mm)

• Large Compartment: 12V45Ah and above (Dimensions: approx. 330×176×165mm)

3. Choose by Budget

• High Budget: Tianneng T9 / Chaowei True Black Gold Series – 18+ months warranty

• Medium Budget: Tianneng E5 / Chaowei Superconducting Series – 12 months warranty

• Economy Budget: Nuoli / Huangsheng and other brands – 6-8 months warranty

Detailed Guide on Enabling and Disabling Speed Limiter for Electric Vehicles

I. Basic Principle of Electric Vehicle Speed Limiter

• Controller-based limitation: The most common type, setting the maximum motor power via programming.
• Speed limit wire control: Restricting speed through specific wire harness connections.
• Voltage limitation: Limiting the output voltage of the battery.

• Sensor monitoring: Detecting speed and cutting off power when exceeding the limit.

II. Detailed Methods to Disable Speed Limiter

1️⃣ Throttle + Brake Combination Method (Suitable for Most Electric Bicycles)

• Squeeze the brake and twist the throttle to the maximum.
• Turn on the electric door lock (keep the brake and throttle in position).
• Release the throttle, then twist it to the maximum again, repeating 3 times (maintain braking throughout).
• After twisting the throttle to the maximum for the third time, wait 3-5 seconds.
• Release the brake and throttle; the speed limiter is disabled.

• Squeeze brake + twist throttle to maximum → Turn on electric door lock → Maintain for 15-20 seconds → Release brake and throttle.

2️⃣ Button Combination Method (Suitable for Models with Remote Control or Multifunctional Buttons)

• Turn on the electric door lock.
• Long-press the unlock button (cruise button for some models) until a "beep-beep" sound is heard; the speed limiter is disabled.
• To restore the speed limiter, long-press the lock button until a "beep-beep" sound is heard; the speed limiter is enabled.

3️⃣ Wire Harness Operation Method (Suitable for Electric Tricycles and Some Electric Bicycles)

• Turn off the power and prop up the vehicle.
• Locate the controller (usually under the seat).
• Identify the speed limit wire (typically two white or same-color connected wires).
• Unplug or cut the connecting plug, and insulate the wire ends with electrical tape.
• Reconnect the wires to restore the speed limiter.

III. Comparison of Speed Limiter Disabling Methods by Vehicle Type

IV. Safety and Legality Reminders

1. Legality Issues:
   • The New National Standard (GB17761-2018) clearly stipulates that the maximum speed of electric bicycles shall not exceed 25km/h, and they "shall not have detachable or modifiable speed-limiting devices".
   • Disabling the speed limiter violates the Road Traffic Safety Law and constitutes illegal modification. It may lead to:
     • Failure to register or inspect the vehicle.
     • Insurance claim denial.
     • Increased liability in traffic accidents.
2. Safety Risks:
   • The braking system is matched to the speed limit; speeding will extend the braking distance.
   • The frame structure, battery, and motor are designed based on the speed-limited state. Modification may cause component damage or safety accidents.
   • New national standard models are equipped with "overspeed power cutoff" protection, which may fail after modification.

V. Practical Suggestions

1. Prioritize Non-Destructive Methods:
   • Try Method 1 or Method 2 first; these operations are reversible and do not damage the vehicle.
   • Test the speed after success to ensure it does not exceed the safe range.
2. If Using the Wire Harness Method:
   • Take photos to record the wire harness position before operation.
   • Properly insulate the cut wire ends with electrical tape to prevent short circuits.
   • Keep the speed limit wire for future restoration.
3. Seek Professional Help:
   • Consult an authorized brand maintenance point if unsure.
   • Some brands offer official speed-up services (e.g., certain electric motorcycles).

Summary

1. Throttle + Brake Combination Operation (Method 1)
2. Button Combination Method (Method 2)
3. Wire Harness Operation Method (Method 3, only for tricycles and some old models)

Detailed Explanation of Battery Full Charging Time

Theoretical Calculation Formula

• Efficiency factor: 1.1~1.2 is used to compensate for energy loss during charging.
• Practical application: For a 48V12Ah lead-acid battery (common output current 2A), charging time ≈ 12 ÷ 2 × 1.2 ≈ 7.2 hours.

Charging Time Comparison by Battery Type

Key Factors Affecting Charging Time

1. Battery Capacity and Charging Current

• Larger capacity leads to longer charging time (a 48V20Ah battery takes about 2 hours more than a 48V12Ah one).
• Higher current results in shorter charging time (ordinary chargers with 3-5A take 6-8 hours, while fast chargers with 5-8A only take 3-5 hours).

2. Differences Between Battery Types

• Lead-acid battery: Slow chemical reaction and low charging efficiency, usually requiring 6-10 hours.
• Lithium-ion battery: High energy density (150-250 Wh/kg, compared to only 30-50 Wh/kg for lead-acid), fast charging speed, supporting 2-3 hour fast charging.

3. Remaining Battery Level

• From 0% to 100%: About 8-10 hours for lead-acid batteries, 3-5 hours for lithium-ion batteries.
• From 30% to 100%: Approximately 60-70% of the full charging time (e.g., about 4-5 hours for lead-acid batteries).

4. Impact of Ambient Temperature

• Summer (25℃+): Charging time shortens, 6-8 hours for lead-acid batteries and 2-3 hours for lithium-ion batteries.
• Winter (below 0℃): Charging time extends, 8-10 hours for lead-acid batteries and 4-6 hours for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Principle: Low temperature reduces battery activity, and the charging efficiency of lead-acid batteries drops to 60-70% of normal temperature at 0℃.

5. Charging Phase Characteristics

• Constant current phase (0-80%): Fast charging with stable current.

• Constant voltage/trickle phase (80-100%): Charging slows down to protect the battery, taking about 1-2 hours.

Practical Charging Time Reference Table

Charging Recommendations

1. Lead-acid Battery

• Float charge for 1 hour (summer) to 2 hours (winter) after full charge, with a total time not exceeding 10 hours.
• Avoid over-discharging; it is recommended to start charging when the remaining power is about 30%, and charge for 6-8 hours.

2. Lithium-ion Battery

• Unplug immediately after full charge, or float charge for only 30-40 minutes, with a total time not exceeding 6-8 hours.

• Avoid overcharging and over-discharging, which helps extend battery life (up to 1800 cycles, about 8 years).

Summary

What to Do If an Electric Vehicle Gets Waterlogged?

1. Forcibly using the vehicle may burn out the motor controller or the motor, so the user can leave the electric vehicle parked for a few days.

   
   

2. If the waterlogging of the electric vehicle is not severe, you can leave it parked for a few days and expose it to the sun to dry, or disassemble the motor and dry it thoroughly with a hair dryer. Note: Forcibly using the vehicle in this state may still burn out the motor controller or the motor.

3. If the electric vehicle is severely waterlogged or has been soaked in water for a long time, it is recommended to take it to a professional repair shop for inspection and maintenance after it has dried completely before using it again.

How to Inflate a Flat Tubeless Tire on an Electric bike  

1. **Use Motor Inertia**: Prop up the electric Bike with its main stand. Turn on the ignition key, twist the throttle to the maximum to make the motor run at high speed. Once the speed builds up, squeeze the brake suddenly. Repeat this process several times. Now try inflating the tire again—this may make it easier to inflate.  

2. **Seal the Gaps**: Take a few plastic bags and seal all the gaps between the tire edge and the wheel hub to prevent air from leaking out of these gaps during inflation. Then use an air pump to inflate the tire; it will inflate quickly. After the tire is inflated, remove the plastic bags and add a little more air to top it up.  

3. **Elevate the Tire and Tap It**: Prop up the vehicle so that the front tire is suspended. Once suspended, use a hammer or a board to tap the tire, reducing the gap between the tire and the wheel rim. Then proceed to inflate the tire.  

4. **Remove the Valve Core**: If none of the above methods work, the gap between the tire and the wheel hub may be too large, or there may be other issues. In this case, you can remove the valve core, then use an air pump to inflate the tire— the tire will slowly inflate. After it inflates, stop, reinstall the valve core, and then add more air to the tire to reach the proper pressure.  

5. **Use Lubricant**: You can spray a small amount of lubricant on both sides of the tire. Then try inflating it again; this may make inflation easier.   It should be noted that if a tubeless tire is flat for a long time, it may cause the tire and wheel hub to stick together or result in other damages. Before inflating, it is best to check the condition of the tire and wheel hub first to ensure safety.

  The number of charge-discharge cycles of lithium-ion batteries can generally reach about 500-1000 times; some high-quality lithium-ion batteries can even achieve 1000-1200 charge-discharge cycles, with a service life typically ranging from 3 to 5 years. Currently, mainstream electric vehicles adopt lithium-ion batteries (such as ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries). Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, they have higher energy density (200-300 Wh/kg), longer lifespan (1000-2000 charge-discharge cycles), and lighter weight (only 1/3 of that of lead-acid batteries).

  The number of charge-discharge cycles of lead-acid batteries is usually around 300-500 times. Specifically, low-grade lead-acid batteries have about 300-400 charge-discharge cycles and a service life of approximately 1.5 years; mid-grade graphene lead-acid batteries have around 500-600 charge-discharge cycles and a service life of 2-3 years; high-grade lead-acid batteries have about 1000 charge-discharge cycles, and it is feasible for them to be used for 3-4 years.

• Usage Environment: Lithium-ion batteries have more stable performance and are less affected by temperature. They can work normally within a relatively wide temperature range, and their charge-discharge efficiency and lifespan remain relatively stable in both high and low temperature environments.Lead-acid batteries, however, are prone to electrolyte evaporation and loss in high-temperature environments, which shortens their lifespan. In low-temperature environments, the rate of chemical reactions in lead-acid batteries slows down, resulting in reduced charge-discharge efficiency and a significant decrease in driving range. Long-term use in low-temperature environments will accelerate the aging of lead-acid batteries.
• Usage Habits: To maintain optimal performance, lithium-ion batteries need to be recharged after the power is exhausted. When not in use for a long time, they should be fully charged every two months.For lead-acid batteries, over-discharging and over-charging should be avoided. It is advisable to start charging when the remaining power is about 20%-30%, and the charging time should not exceed 8 hours.

The charging time of an electric bicycle depends on several factors, including battery capacity, charger power, battery type (lead-acid/lithium-ion), and remaining battery level. The theoretical analysis is as follows:

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